Make the lemon curd: In a heatproof bowl, whisk together 6 egg yolks, 1 cup sugar, 1/2 cup lemon juice, and 2 tablespoons lemon zest. Set over simmering water and whisk constantly for 10 minutes until thickened to 160°F.
Finish the curd: Remove from heat, whisk in 6 tablespoons butter until melted. Press plastic wrap directly onto surface and refrigerate for at least 2 hours.
Prepare cake pans: Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease three 8-inch round pans and line bottoms with parchment paper.
Mix dry ingredients: Whisk together 3 cups flour, 1 tablespoon baking powder, 1/2 teaspoon baking soda, and 1/2 teaspoon salt in a medium bowl.
Cream butter and sugar: In a large mixer bowl, beat 1/2 cup softened butter and 2 cups sugar until light and fluffy, about 3 minutes.
Add eggs and wet ingredients: Beat in 4 eggs one at a time. Mix in 1/2 cup oil, 1 teaspoon vanilla, and 2 tablespoons lemon zest.
Combine batter: Alternate adding dry ingredients with 1 cup milk and 3/4 cup lemon juice, beginning and ending with flour. Mix until just combined.
Bake cake layers: Divide batter evenly among pans. Bake 22-25 minutes until toothpick comes out clean. Cool 10 minutes in pans, then turn out onto wire racks.
Make mascarpone frosting: Whip 3 cups cold heavy cream, 1 1/2 cups powdered sugar, and 2 teaspoons vanilla to soft peaks. Add 1 pound chilled mascarpone and whip to stiff peaks.
Assemble the cake: Place first layer on cake board. Pipe frosting dam around edge. Spread half the lemon curd inside dam, then top with layer of mascarpone frosting.
Add second layer: Repeat with second cake layer, remaining curd, and more frosting. Top with final cake layer.
Frost and decorate: Apply crumb coat, chill 30 minutes, then frost entire cake with remaining mascarpone frosting. Pipe decorative swirls on top. Refrigerate until serving.