Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease three 6-inch round cake pans and line bottoms with parchment paper.
Separate 6 eggs, placing whites in one bowl and yolks in another. Beat yolks with half the sugar until pale and thick, about 5 minutes.
Whip egg whites with remaining sugar until stiff peaks form. Gently fold yolk mixture into whites.
Sift in 130g cake flour and ½ teaspoon baking powder. Fold carefully to maintain volume.
Divide batter among pans and bake for 20-25 minutes until tops spring back when touched. Cool completely.
Dissolve 2 teaspoons espresso powder in 150ml hot water. Stir in 30ml coffee liqueur for soaking syrup.
Whip 300ml cold heavy cream with 100g powdered sugar and 2 teaspoons vanilla until stiff peaks form.
Beat 500g mascarpone until smooth, then gently fold in whipped cream mixture.
Place one cake layer on serving plate. Brush with espresso soak. Spread mascarpone frosting on top. Repeat with remaining layers.
Frost top and sides with remaining mascarpone cream. Dust heavily with cocoa powder. Refrigerate at least 4 hours before serving.